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DESTRUCTION OF JERUSALEM TEMPLE(TREATING OF THE SUBJECT IN CLASSICAL JEWISH TEXTS)
Razák, Věra ; Nosek, Bedřich (advisor) ; Holubová, Markéta (referee) ; Šafin, Ján (referee)
Destruction of Jerusalem Temple (Treating the Subject in Classic Jewish Texts) Věra Razáková This thesis focuses mainly on texts describing the Temple's very destruction, be it by the Babylonian army in 587 BC or later on by the Roman army in 70 CE. In addition, it also inspects circumstances of the conquer and the destruction of the Temple and the city of Jerusalem immediately preceded. The examined texts are (with some exceptions) the texts of classical rabbinic literature of antiquity. Although there is no doubt about how crucial the event (i. e. the demise of the Temple and the Temple Cult in Judaism) was, its image in the literature is not a massive one. Also, there are mostly individual references on a smaller scale. This is especially true of examining the causes of the destruction of the Temple and Jerusalem. Other mentions in halachic texts are similarly sketchy. Dealing with the changes forced by the extinction of the Temple, the central Temple cult, and Temple sacrificial worship. The main texts of this group are Mishna and Tosefta. The Gemara of the Babylonian (and also Jerusalem) Talmud, and in particular, some selected Midrashim are a much richer source for the subject under scrutiny. Working with Haggadic texts has brought more consistent descriptions of the destruction of the Temple...
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Italian and Sicilian Piyyut in contemporary Contex and its unique Contribution to futher poetical Output
Ondrejičková, Sylva ; Nosek, Bedřich (advisor) ; Weis, Martin (referee) ; Šedinová, (referee)
Hermeneutic rules (so-called middot), which developed during the process of the rabbinic literature formation, partially under sopherims' or Greek influence, provided with one of the main viewpoints of hypotext choice in poetry, ruled a combination and an arrangement of elements in poetry. These principles, differenciated during the 2nd century A.D. into two systems - r. Yishma'el's and r. Eli'eser b. Josi ha-gelili's lists (for halakhic and aggadic interpretation) underwent a process of contraction in piyyut. From the recent point of view is the rabbinic hypotext identification possible at most half, since partially poets advanced on the basis of the midrashic texts available, different from extant textual versions. On the basis of original textual variants connected with the identification of the hypotext, this thesis arrived at a comparative work on the development and the understanding of implicite and explicite application of hermeneutic rules. The synagogal poetry assumed a didactical function and historical remembrance function following pre-classical period. As a result of poetic activity the originated the didactical text, which instructed, assisted at the preservation of lessons and topoi taught in yeshibot (Ashkenaz), scholarly circles (Rome, Apulia, Calabria) and later on in synagogues.
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